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GGE Biplot Analysis of Genotype x Environment Interaction on Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes in Southern Oromia
Aliyi Kedir,
Hussein Mohammed,
Tesfaye Letta
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
1-9
Received:
29 January 2022
Accepted:
22 February 2022
Published:
3 March 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jcebe.20220601.11
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Abstract: Today, wheat is among the most important crops grown in Ethiopia, both as a source of food for consumers and as a source of income for farmers. Since Ethiopia is known for its diverse agro-ecology the performance of genotypes differs within and across environments and cultivars or genotypes respond differently to diverse environments. Therefore, studies on Genotype by Environment (GxE) interaction may help to determine whether or not a genotype is stable in performance over a range of environments. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the best performing stable bread wheat genotype for selected areas and analysis of the environment by GGE biplot. In this experiment, 20 bread wheat genotypes were evaluated using RCBD with three replications at five different locations in southern Oromia. The combined analysis of variance revealed that, there were highly significant differences among environments and among genotypes (p<0.001) for grain yield and yield components and for growth parameters except for days to emergence which was non-significant, indicating the presence of variability in genotypes as well as diversity of growing conditions at different locations. The GxE interaction was highly significant (p<0.001) for all traits except spike length reflecting the differential response of genotypes in various environments. Environments explained 59.1%, genotypes 19.1% and GxE 14.8% of the variability in grin yield. Bore (E1) was the most discriminating environment while Adola (E3) and Liben (E4) were the least discriminating environments. GGE-II explained 89.62% of G+GEI and the angle between pair of all locations was lower than 90°; performance of genotypes at all environments was almost similar, but Bore (E1) was separated from the remaining four environments. The bi-plot had six vertex genotypes, viz. Wane (G2), PBW-343 (G20), Galama (G13), Kakaba (G10), Hawi (G3) and ETBW8420 (G18). Hidase (G7) and Tuse (G8) gave relatively high grain yield and found to be stable, so can be recommended for wide adaptation. Wane (G2) and PBW-343 (G20) were unstable but were predicted to give the highest grain yield at all environments. Dashen (G6) and ETBW8420 (G18) can be recommended for all environments except for the high land environment, Bore (E1), while Lemu (G1) can be recommended for only Bore (E1). Lole Farm (E5) was the ideal environment while Wane (G2) was the ideal genotype. Advanced line ETBW420 (G18) is recommended to be included in variety verification trials for release as new varieties or to be included crossing program.
Abstract: Today, wheat is among the most important crops grown in Ethiopia, both as a source of food for consumers and as a source of income for farmers. Since Ethiopia is known for its diverse agro-ecology the performance of genotypes differs within and across environments and cultivars or genotypes respond differently to diverse environments. Therefore, st...
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The Use of Solar Energy for Produced Water Treatment
Elham Mohammed Mohammed Khair,
Abbas Elshikh Rahma,
Sami Edriss Albasher,
Eltayeeb Ibrahim Suliman,
Hani Ahmed Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
10-15
Received:
31 December 2021
Accepted:
30 March 2022
Published:
20 April 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jcebe.20220601.12
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Abstract: Water production is considers as one of the most common operational problem associated with oil production; it is not only affect the economic benefits, it is also has an environmental impacts which affect the human life. The huge volume of water is very difficult to be handled or managed; the large amounts complicates the process and more efforts are needed to reduce the expected risk which is constantly increasing as water production increases. Many efforts was done to reduce the environmental impacts of the produced water; including re-using (such as injection, irrigation or other disposal methods) which require specific cost for treatment. Through this work, solar energy was used to distillate the produced water for reusing in oil field and evaluate its potential for irrigations. Samples were collected from the water injection station of Jake oilfield in the north east of Muglad basin in Sudan; the availability of the solar energy in the field offer a new source for the treatment with low cost. Series of laboratory experiments (pH, conductivity, total dissolve solid, salinity, total organic carbon (TOC) and the chemical oxygen demand (COD)) were conducted to estimate the properties of the produced water before and after distillation. A significant difference has been observed in the water properties before and after treating; the conductivity was decreased from 657 to 23.30 µs/cm, the total dissolve solid was decreased from 393 to 14.19 mg/L. Sulfate was decreased from 7.0 to 0.7 mg/L; and the total organic carbon (TOC) was decreased from 135.8 to 50.49 mg/L, while the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was increased from 96.0 to 121.9 mg/L before and after treating respectively. An evaluation was presented with respect to irrigation and fracturing fluid uses; the properties of 0.4% guar gum solution with Borates under shear rate of 170 S-1 and different temperature was evaluated to address the ability of the treated water to perform fracturing fluid; while corn seeds were used to evaluate the irrigation ability. Good germinations performance was observed on corn seeds with the treated water; while the viscosity of the prepared fracturing fluid was increased randomly.
Abstract: Water production is considers as one of the most common operational problem associated with oil production; it is not only affect the economic benefits, it is also has an environmental impacts which affect the human life. The huge volume of water is very difficult to be handled or managed; the large amounts complicates the process and more efforts ...
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Effect of Gypsum and Farmyard Manure on Yield and Yield Components of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Saline Sodic Soil at Amibara, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
16-23
Received:
25 March 2022
Accepted:
23 May 2022
Published:
31 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jcebe.20220601.13
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Abstract: Abundance of soil with saline sodic property in Amibara irrigated farms is becoming a threat to crop productivity. As part of the solution to such problem soils, combine application of gypsum and farmyard manure has not been investigated well in the area. Therefore study was conducted at Worer Agricultural Research Center using rice as a test crop to evaluate their effect on yield and yeild componets of rice. Factorial combinations with three rates of FYM (0, 10 and 20 t ha-1) and five rates of gypsum (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% GR) were laid out in randomized complete complete block design with three replications. Composite surface soil samples before experiment and from each treatment after harvest were collected for laboratory analysis. Most growth and yield components parameters were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different due to the main and the interaction of GYP and FYM. Straw yield, tillering number, effective tillering number and grain yield were affected significantly by the interaction effect of GYP and FYM. The highest grain yield (4.27 t ha-1) was obtained at application of 20 t ha-1 FYM +75% GR. From the results it could be concluded that application of 20 t ha-1 FYM+ 75% GR enhance grain yield of upland rice grown on saline sodic soil of Amibara district.
Abstract: Abundance of soil with saline sodic property in Amibara irrigated farms is becoming a threat to crop productivity. As part of the solution to such problem soils, combine application of gypsum and farmyard manure has not been investigated well in the area. Therefore study was conducted at Worer Agricultural Research Center using rice as a test crop ...
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A Review on Recent Trends in Copper-Catalyzed Organic Synthesis
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
24-33
Received:
27 April 2022
Accepted:
26 May 2022
Published:
31 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jcebe.20220601.14
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Abstract: Copper chemistry has great importance owing to its low cost, high functional group tolerance, high abundance, and low toxicity. In addition to natural copper-containing catalysts, significant efforts have been devoted to the development of man-made copper redox catalysts. Apart from these efforts, copper has become one of the most versatile and interesting bio-relevant metals in homogeneous catalysis. The review concentrates on various copper-catalyzed organic transformations covering areas such as heterocyclic synthesis, coupling reactions, asymmetric synthesis, click reactions, multicomponent reactions, C–H activation, trifluoromethylation reactions, and applications in the synthesis of natural products. Copper-catalyzed heterocyclic synthesis and multicomponent reactions were found to be important tools for the synthesis of many biologically active compounds. The review summarizes the developments in copper catalysis in the field of organic chemistry and discusses the future perspectives of copper catalysis for contemporary organic synthesis.
Abstract: Copper chemistry has great importance owing to its low cost, high functional group tolerance, high abundance, and low toxicity. In addition to natural copper-containing catalysts, significant efforts have been devoted to the development of man-made copper redox catalysts. Apart from these efforts, copper has become one of the most versatile and int...
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Impacts of Climate Variability on Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield in Kurfa Chele District of East Hararghe Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
34-51
Received:
5 April 2022
Accepted:
17 May 2022
Published:
31 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jcebe.20220601.15
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Abstract: Climate variability is among the principal source of variations in crop production in developing countries including Ethiopia that greatly relies on subsistence farming. This study assessed the impacts of climate variability on maize (Zea mays L.) yield in Kurfa Chele district, eastern Ethiopia. Climate data (1996-2016) and maize yield data (2001-2016) were acquired from the NMA of Ethiopia and KWANRO, respectively. Variability, trend and anomaly of climate variables were analyzed using INSTAT +3.37 and Mann-Kendall trend analysis. The mean start of rainy seasons, length of growing period and end of the rainy seasons in Kurfa Chele district were 31st March, 178 days and 25th September, respectively and belg onset was highly variable (CV=42%). Annual and kiremt rainfall amounts were found to increase by a factor of 2.45 and 1.64 mm/year, respectively and were insignificant at 5%. Conversely, the belg rainfall decreased by a factor of -0.8 and was insignificant. The maximum temperature showed increasing trend at annual, kiremt and belg periods by a factor of 0.046, 0.053 and 0.066°C/year, respectively. Similarly, annual, kiremt and belg minimum temperatures showed increasing trend and were significant at 5%. The correlation of maize yield with rainfall and temperature parameters revealed that belg rainy days and kiremt rainy days have strong relationships with maize yield. The result of multiple regression showed that an increase in kiremt end date (-0.04 Kg/ha) and kiremt mean temperature (-2.57 Kg/ha) caused decrease in maize yield. Coefficient of determination indicates that climate features predict 79% the variation in maize yield. Thus, it is essential to advance extension services to improve perception of climate variability and proper implementation of adaptation practices in the study area.
Abstract: Climate variability is among the principal source of variations in crop production in developing countries including Ethiopia that greatly relies on subsistence farming. This study assessed the impacts of climate variability on maize (Zea mays L.) yield in Kurfa Chele district, eastern Ethiopia. Climate data (1996-2016) and maize yield data (2001-2...
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